Dentine hypersensitivity: Causes and mechanisms
What causes dentine hypersensitivity?
The hydrodynamic theory of dentine hypersensitivity
Brännström’s hydrodynamic theory is currently the most commonly accepted theory of how dentine hypersensitivity arises:1–4
- Dentine hypersensitivity arises when tubules found within dentine become exposed, most commonly caused by gingival recession or enamel wear
- Once exposed, these tubules may come into contact with stimuli, which can induce the movement of fluid within the tubules
- Such movement within the pulp may induce a short, sharp sensation
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Dentine exposure
How dentine tubules become exposed
Dentine tubules become exposed by gingival recession, due to:3,5
- Periodontal diseases
- An over-vigorous brushing technique
Enamel wear exposes dentine tubules through one or more of the following:6
- Erosion, commonly caused by acids or oesophageal reflux
- Abrasion, i.e. enamel and dentine loss from excessive toothbrushing and/or other habits
- Attrition (rarely), brought about by tooth grinding
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Triggers
Dentine hypersensitivity triggers
Exposure of dentine tubules allows fluids within the tubules to move, which can be triggered by multiple types of stimuli.3,4
1. Thermal stimuli
Cold (more likely), hot
2. Tactile stimuli
Toothbrushing
3. Osmotic stimuli
Sugary foods and drinks
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Hydrodynamic theory
Hydrodynamic theory
It is theorised that the rapid movement of fluid within dentine tubules caused by external stimuli can trigger the tooth sensitivity.4
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Impact on quality of life
Find out about the impact dentine hypersensitivity has on daily lives.
The Sensodyne range
Find out how the Sensodyne range can help on dentine hypersensitivity.
