Refresh your knowledge
Our condition overview covers the causes, signs and symptoms behind upper respiratory health issues. We also break down the gold standard guidelines on management.
Respiratory health conditions
Colds
The common cold is caused by numerous viruses from different families.1 Symptoms result in substantial discomfort for sufferers.2
Flu
Flu is primarily caused by one of two categories of virus: Influenza A or B. These are the most common.1
The symptoms vary from person to person, and are very similar to the symptoms of the common cold.
Headache and Muscle Ache
Headaches and muscle aches are caused by the body’s immune response to a viral infection.10
They are commonly reported symptoms of a viral flu infection, sometimes causing severe discomfort.7–9
Fever and Chills
When the body is suffering from fever, it is the body’s physiological response to a viral or bacterial infection,11 This can help to differentiate an influenza episode from the common cold.3,4,12
For an adult, a fever may be uncomfortable, but usually isn't a cause for concern, unless it reaches 103° F (39.4° C) or higher.5
Sore Throat
A sore throat, also known as pharyngitis, is a common symptom of both the cold and the flu.8,10
Over 200 viruses can cause upper respiratory tract infections in humans.6
Many symptoms are displayed as a result from viral infection of the upper respiratory tract including sore throat.3
Allergy
Allergic rhinitis is a global health problem, affecting up to 20% of people globally.7
For people with allergies, persistent or repetitive exposure to allergens, which are typically innocuous substances, results in chronic allergic inflammation.1
